Publikationer

Research | Forskning - peer review

The foods we eat contain microorganisms that we ingest alongside the food. Industrialized food systems offer great advantages from a safety point of view, but have also been accused of depleting the diversity of the human microbiota with negative implications for human health. In contrast, artisanal… The foods we eat contain microorganisms that we ingest alongside the food. Industrialized food systems offer great advantages from a safety point of view, but have also been accused of depleting the diversity of the human microbiota with negative implications for human health. In contrast, artisanal traditional foods are potential sources of a diverse food microbiota. Traditional foods of the Greenlandic Inuit are comprised of animal-sourced foods prepared in the natural environment and are often consumed raw. These foods, some of which are on the verge of extinction, have not previously been microbiologically character- ized. We mapped the microbiota of foods stemming from traditional Inuit land-based hunting activities. The foods included in the current study are dried muskox and caribou meat, cari- bou rumen and intestinal content as well as larval parasites from caribou hides, all traditional Inuit foods. This study shows that traditional drying methods are efficient for limiting micro- bial growth through desiccation. The results also show the rumen content of the caribou to be a highly diverse source of microbes with potential for degradation of plants. Finally, a number of parasites were shown to be included in the biodiversity of the assessed traditional foods. Taken together, the results map out a diverse source of ingested microbes and para- sites that originate from the natural environment. These results have implications for under- standing the nature-sourced traditional Inuit diet, which is in contrast to current day diet recommendations as well as modern industrialized food systems. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

The paper demonstrates how the evolution of international law on colonial and indigenous peoples, in particular evolving rights to sovereignty over natural resources, shaped the changing relationship between Greenland and the rest of the Danish Realm. Greenland today is in a unique position in inter… The paper demonstrates how the evolution of international law on colonial and indigenous peoples, in particular evolving rights to sovereignty over natural resources, shaped the changing relationship between Greenland and the rest of the Danish Realm. Greenland today is in a unique position in international law, enjoying an extremely high degree of self-government. This paper explores the history, current status and future of Greenland through the lens of international law, to show how international obligations both colour its relationship with the Kingdom of Denmark and influence its approaches to resource development internally. It considers the invisibility of the Inuit population in the 1933 Eastern Greenland case that secured Danish sovereignty over the entire territory. It then turns to Denmark’s registration of Greenland as a non-self-governing territory (colony) in 1946 before Greenland’s-purported decolonisation in 1953 and the deficiencies of that process. In the second part of the 20th century, Denmark began to recognise the Greenland Inuit as an indigenous people before a gradual shift towards recognition of the Greenlanders as a people in international law, entitled to self-determination, including the right to permanent sovereignty over their natural resources. This peaked with the Self-Government Act of 2009. The paper will then go on to assess competing interpretations of the Self-Government Act of 2009 according to which the Greenland self-government is the relevant decision-making body for an increasing number of fields of competence including, since 1 January 2010, the governance of extractive industries. Some, including members of the Greenland self-government, argue that the Self-Government Act constitutes full implementation of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP 2007), but this view is not universally shared. The paper also considers the status and rights of two Greenland minorities: the North Greenlanders (Inughuit) and the East Greenlanders, each of whom has distinct histories, experiences of colonisation, dialects (or languages) and cultural traditions. While the Kingdom of Denmark accepts the existence of only one indigenous people, namely, the Inuit of Greenland, this view is increasingly being challenged in international fora, including the UN human rights treaty bodies, as the two minorities are in some cases considered distinct indigenous peoples. Their current position in Greenland as well as in a future fully independent Greenland is examined, and the rights that they hold against the Greenland self-government as well as the Kingdom of Denmark explored. Greenland’s domestic regime for governance of non-renewable natural resources (principally mining and hydrocarbons) is briefly analysed and compared with international standards, with a particular emphasis on public participation. The paper assesses the extent to which it complies with the standards in key international instruments. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

This chapter presents results from a project about leadership in Greenland. It discusses how leaders in Greenlandic organizations legitimize decisions in territories of interactions. The research focus on how Greenlandic leaders at times are challenged by the tight relationship in the small society… This chapter presents results from a project about leadership in Greenland. It discusses how leaders in Greenlandic organizations legitimize decisions in territories of interactions. The research focus on how Greenlandic leaders at times are challenged by the tight relationship in the small society but also how the tightness supports close and fruitful interactions where leaders qualify and legitimize decisions related to quality, business development, and future actions. The findings demonstrate how the leaders legitimize actions and decision in their local networks and how this relates to and develops their everyday practice. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

Ledelse og samarbejde diskuteres i artiklen som en kollektiv aktivitet i organisationer i Grønland. Med udgangspunkt i empirisk materiale indsamlet i 2018 og 2019 beskrives problemstillinger som ledere genkender og formulerer. I analysen diskuteres hvordan ledelse fremstår som en kollektiv aktivitet… Ledelse og samarbejde diskuteres i artiklen som en kollektiv aktivitet i organisationer i Grønland. Med udgangspunkt i empirisk materiale indsamlet i 2018 og 2019 beskrives problemstillinger som ledere genkender og formulerer. I analysen diskuteres hvordan ledelse fremstår som en kollektiv aktivitet, at problematisering er en væsentlig del af ledelsesaktiviteten og hvordan ledelse udvikles i interaktionsterritorier. I artiklen formuleres fem spørgsmål, der kan være relevante at stille i forbindelse med ledelsesaktiviteten, ikke mindst i den særlige situation organisationer befinder sig i lige nu med COVID-19 forebyggelsen. Herudover konkluderes det, at der fortsat er behov for at udvikle den produktive ledelsesaktivitet igennem akademisk ledelsesuddannelse. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

Five and a half years after its first appearance as a printed book in 2014, the transdisciplinary anthology The Postcolonial North Atlantic: Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, edited by Professor Lill-Ann Körber (Aarhus Universitet) and Associate Professor Ebbe Volquardsen (Ilisimatusarfik),… Five and a half years after its first appearance as a printed book in 2014, the transdisciplinary anthology The Postcolonial North Atlantic: Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, edited by Professor Lill-Ann Körber (Aarhus Universitet) and Associate Professor Ebbe Volquardsen (Ilisimatusarfik), came out in an open-access second edition today. Stored on the document server of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, the book can from now on be downloaded free of charge by anyone. Whereas a new preface, written by the editors, has been added, the articles in the volume have not been changed or amended since the first edition, and thus reflect the state of the art of the first half of the 2010s. Yet, the texts remain relevant and topical in that they provide fundamental insight into negotiations of the postcolonial status of the North Atlantic nations, and into manifestations of their interconnected, often competing, histories in literature, language, politics, art, fashion, and public discourse. They invite to comparative investigations into the region’s past and present as seen from its diverse and distinct viewpoints, and to explorations of this part of the Nordic region from a joint critical postcolonial perspective. It is the editors’ hope that The Postcolonial North Atlantic will find many curious new readers and re-readers among students, scholars, and the broader public; and we look forward to continued discussions and North Atlantic journeys. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling

For at afgøre om et monument bør bevares eller ej, må man diskutere, om det stadigvæk bidrager til fortællingen om et fælles vi, skriver lektor i kulturhistorie Ebbe Volquardsen.

Research | Forskning - peer review

This chapter reviews historical and contemporary processes of state-sanctioned resettlement and urbanization in the Greenlandic context, with a particular focus on the consequences of passive and overt urbanization policies on geographies of homelessness.

Research | Forskning

Afsluttende rapport for "Qimmeq Projektet", fase 1.

Communication | Formidling

Fagbog bl.a. til skolebrug - lærervejledning medfølger.

Research | Forskning - peer review

The results indicate that the major ancestry of modern sled dogs traces back to Sibiria, where sled-dog-specific haplotypes of genes that potentially relate to Arctic adaptation were established by 9500 years ago.

Research | Forskning - peer review

This report details the findings of the EQUIL project: Equality in Isolated Areas. The project focuses on people living and working in geographically relatively isolated areas of the Nordic region, and asks how they are able to make a living and maintain ties to locality, and how questions of gender… This report details the findings of the EQUIL project: Equality in Isolated Areas. The project focuses on people living and working in geographically relatively isolated areas of the Nordic region, and asks how they are able to make a living and maintain ties to locality, and how questions of gender equality impact on work and family life decisions. The report addresses the questions: How is gender equality and equal participation in paid work and care for the family negotiated in communities characterised by relative geographic isolation? How do people develop working life strategies in such places? What is the basis for future work life and family life in the selected places? Læs mere

Research | Forskning

This book intends to inform the key participants in extractive projects – namely, the communities, the host governments and the investors – about good practice for effective community engagement, based on analysis of international standards and expectations, lessons from selected case-studies and in… This book intends to inform the key participants in extractive projects – namely, the communities, the host governments and the investors – about good practice for effective community engagement, based on analysis of international standards and expectations, lessons from selected case-studies and innovations in public participation. The extent of extractive industries varies widely around the Arctic as do governmental and social attitudes towards resource development. Whilst most Arctic communities are united in seeking investment to fund education, healthcare, housing, transport and other essential services, as well as wanting to benefit from improved employment and business opportunities, they have different views as to the role that extractive industries should play in this. Within each community, there are multiple perspectives and the goal of public participation is to draw out these perspectives and seek consensus. Part I of the book analyses the international standards that have emerged in recent years regarding public participation, in particular, in respect of indigenous peoples. Part II presents six case studies that aim to identify both good and bad practices and to reflect upon the distinct conditions, needs, expectations, strategies and results for each community examined. Part III explores the importance of meaningful participation from a corporate perspective and identifies some common themes that require consideration if Arctic voices are to shape extractive industries in Arctic communities. In drawing together international law and standards, case studies and examples of good practice, this anthology is a timely and invaluable resource for academics, legal advisors and those working in resource development and public policy. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Hydrocarbon activity can be both harmful and hazardous. It is harmful if, in the course of normal operations, it damages its surrounding environment and/or the interests of other states. States and operators should implement a number of technical measures to ensure that the impacts remain below the… Hydrocarbon activity can be both harmful and hazardous. It is harmful if, in the course of normal operations, it damages its surrounding environment and/or the interests of other states. States and operators should implement a number of technical measures to ensure that the impacts remain below the legally relevant threshold of ‘significant’ harm. However, hydrocarbon activities are also inherently hazardous because there is always a risk of a low probability-high impact accident, e.g., an oil spill or an explosion. The harsh conditions of the Arctic coupled with its sensitive biodiversity mean that activities in the Arctic are more hazardous than in more temperate parts of the World. This paper addresses three themes to clarify the rights and responsibilities of states pursuing offshore hydrocarbon development in the Arctic: international law regarding permanent sovereignty and constraints to protect the environment, the interests of other states and the rights of indigenous and other peoples; the role and limitations of the Arctic Council; and the challenge of indigenous sovereignty and indigenous rights. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

Rapport om fjernundervisningen på Ilisimatusarfik under Coronakrisen foråret 2020. Rapporten er skrevet på baggrund af spørgeskemaundersøgelse blandt undervisere, og et enkelt fokusgruppeinterview med studerende med grønlandsk baggrund. Konklusionen er, at universitetet ikke har en samlet strategi… Rapport om fjernundervisningen på Ilisimatusarfik under Coronakrisen foråret 2020. Rapporten er skrevet på baggrund af spørgeskemaundersøgelse blandt undervisere, og et enkelt fokusgruppeinterview med studerende med grønlandsk baggrund. Konklusionen er, at universitetet ikke har en samlet strategi, men at der har udfoldet sig en mangfoldighed af didaktiske løsninger af fjernundervisningen. En konklusion er, at der skete en polarisering af studerende: Fagligt stærke studerende tog ansvar, hvor fagligt svage studerende blev fraværende. En konklusion er, at studerende oplevede, at blød kommunikation og værenhed i tilstedeværelsesundervisning ikke optrådte i fjernundervisningen under nedlukningen. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling - peer review

Kapitlet henvender sig til studerende og andre som ved hjælp af interview ønsker indsigt i patienters eller andre brugeres hverdagsliv fra deres perspektiv. Der findes mange måder at skabe viden om patientperspektiver. Derfor diskuteres først det vidensmæssige grundlag for hverdagslivsinterview, som… Kapitlet henvender sig til studerende og andre som ved hjælp af interview ønsker indsigt i patienters eller andre brugeres hverdagsliv fra deres perspektiv. Der findes mange måder at skabe viden om patientperspektiver. Derfor diskuteres først det vidensmæssige grundlag for hverdagslivsinterview, som det fremstilles her. Der argumenteres for at patienters konkrete livsbetingelser og værdier må inddrages som rationel viden i faglig beslutningstagen, og at dette kræver særlige fremgangsmåder. Det vises herefter, gennem et praktisk eksempel fra et forskningsprojekt blandt grønlandske patienter, hvordan samtalen i interviewet kan generere viden om patientperspektiver gennem fælles udforskning af interviewpersonens konkrete livsførelse i dagligdagen. Kapitlet beskriver nogle principper for udforskning af patientperspektiver omhandlende inddragelse af subjektivitet, forskellige sundhedsopfattelser og kulturforskelle mellem forskere og interviewpersoner. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling - peer review

Kapitlet handler om hvordan pædagogiske perspektiver kan tænkes med, når telemedicin anvendes og i fremtiden udbredes endnu mere i det grønlandske sundhedsvæsen. Ved at bygge på erfaringer og viden fra pædagogisk forskning i fjernundervisning på Institut for Læring, Ilisimatusarfik/Grønlands Univers… Kapitlet handler om hvordan pædagogiske perspektiver kan tænkes med, når telemedicin anvendes og i fremtiden udbredes endnu mere i det grønlandske sundhedsvæsen. Ved at bygge på erfaringer og viden fra pædagogisk forskning i fjernundervisning på Institut for Læring, Ilisimatusarfik/Grønlands Universitet, vil pædagogiske forhold ved anvendelse af telemedicin blive præsenteret og diskuteret. Kapitlet henvender sig til alle med interesse for telemedicin, herunder plejepersonale og sygeplejerskestuderende, som inspiration og som pædagogisk værktøj til fortsat at udvikle og afprøve løsninger med telemedicin. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling - peer review

Gennem de seneste årtier er den sociale ulighed i Grønland steget. Velfærdsinstitutionerne har overtaget mange ansvarsområder som før var familiernes, hvilket kan true børns trivsel og sundhed, dels fordi der er behov for at forældre også tager ansvar, dels fordi velfærdsinstitutioners logik er at b… Gennem de seneste årtier er den sociale ulighed i Grønland steget. Velfærdsinstitutionerne har overtaget mange ansvarsområder som før var familiernes, hvilket kan true børns trivsel og sundhed, dels fordi der er behov for at forældre også tager ansvar, dels fordi velfærdsinstitutioners logik er at behandle sig ud af problemer. Kapitlets pointe er at institutionerne må påtage sig opgaven med at inddrage forældrene og den øvrige lokalbefolkning i løsningen af velfærdsproblemer med fokus på lokale ressourcer, det vil sige gennem sundhedsfremmende tiltag. På den måde kan institutionerne støtte befolkningen i at tage del i ansvaret for sundhed og trivsel på længere sigt. Dette kræver samarbejde mellem befolkningen, institutionerne, organisationerne og forskningen om at skabe selvforvaltning og et godt liv i lokalsamfundene. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling - peer review

Grønlandsk forskning i patienters daglige livsførelse med sygdom viser at patienter risikerer at blive udelukket fra indflydelse på egen behandling, pleje og rehabilitering fordi professionelle ofte er centreret omkring deres egen faglige praksis og vurderer faglig viden højere end patienters viden… Grønlandsk forskning i patienters daglige livsførelse med sygdom viser at patienter risikerer at blive udelukket fra indflydelse på egen behandling, pleje og rehabilitering fordi professionelle ofte er centreret omkring deres egen faglige praksis og vurderer faglig viden højere end patienters viden om deres liv. I det der i sundhedsvæsenet kaldes ‘fælles beslutningstagen’, er det ikke nok at spørge til patienters umiddelbare præferencer i forhold til en bestemt indsats. Patienters sundhedsproblemer må forstås i relation til deres liv som er formet i bestemte sociale og kulturelle sammenhænge. Det er dét at sætte personlig livsførelse ind i sin samfundsmæssige sammenhæng der gør patientpræferencer til rationel viden – bl.a. viden om ressourcer til at klare livet med sygdom. Denne viden kan sætte de professionelle i stand til at yde en indsats som er relevant og brugbar for den enkelte patient. Når patientperspektiver forstås på den måde, går kvalitet i sundhedsvæsenet og en medmenneskelig tilgang til patienterne hånd i hånd. Humanistisk sundhedsforskning kan bidrage hertil ved at afdække patient- og professionelle perspektiver. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling - peer review

Kapitlet tager udgangspunkt i personalesituationen i sundhedsvæsenet som er præget af stor gennemstrømning af korttidsansatte, fortrinsvis ikke-grønlandsksprogede sygeplejersker, på grund af sundhedsvæsenets udfordringer med rekruttering og fastholdelse af personale gennem mange år. En interviewunde… Kapitlet tager udgangspunkt i personalesituationen i sundhedsvæsenet som er præget af stor gennemstrømning af korttidsansatte, fortrinsvis ikke-grønlandsksprogede sygeplejersker, på grund af sundhedsvæsenets udfordringer med rekruttering og fastholdelse af personale gennem mange år. En interviewundersøgelse viser fastansatte hospitalssygeplejerskers oplevelser af konsekvenserne i hverdagen i klinisk praksis: stor arbejdsbyrde pga. oplæring af nyt personale og tolkning mellem korttidsansatte og patienter; ekstraopgaver i forbindelse med uddannelse af elever og studerende samt ledelse og konflikthåndtering; afbrydelser og manglende tid til kerneopgaven, patientplejen. Dette medfører stress, evt. med fysiske symptomer, og overvejelser om jobskifte. Undersøgelsen peger på behov for bedre introduktionsforløb for nyansatte, bedre muligheder for faglig sparring og udvikling og generelt for ledelsesmæssigt initiativ og opbakning. Kapitlet afsluttes med nogle konkrete forslag til udvikling af praksis på de omtalte områder med henblik på at fastholde både de udefrakommende sygeplejersker og de fastansatte grønlandsksprogede sygeplejersker. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling - peer review

Sundhedsforskning i Grønland rummer udfordringer som vestlige videnskabsetiske retningslinjer har svært ved at håndtere på en måde så forskningen kan medvirke til at forbedre befolkningens sundhedstilstand. Koloniseringen i Grønland har, ligesom kolonisering blandt oprindelige befolkninger andre ste… Sundhedsforskning i Grønland rummer udfordringer som vestlige videnskabsetiske retningslinjer har svært ved at håndtere på en måde så forskningen kan medvirke til at forbedre befolkningens sundhedstilstand. Koloniseringen i Grønland har, ligesom kolonisering blandt oprindelige befolkninger andre steder i verden, medført sociale problemer som følge af blandt andet tab af identitet og værdier samt ansvarsfratagelse. Vestligt orienterede sundhedssystemer, med deres fokus på helbred og behandling, kan vanskeligt inddrage sociokulturelle faktorers betydning for livskvalitet, og tilgangen stemmer dårligt overens med befolkningens værdier og opfattelser af et godt liv. Ligesom sundhedsvæsenet er også sundhedsforskningen behandlingsorienteret. Derfor er der brug for at uddanne grønlandske forskere fordi de med deres kendskab til landet og befolkningen kan sætte helbredsproblemer ind i deres sociokulturelle sammenhænge og på den måde forske på et etisk forsvarligt grundlag. Denne forskningsmæssige kapacitetsopbygning foregår bl.a. i samarbejde med udenlandske forskere i regi af Grønlands Center for Sundhedsforskning ved Ilisimatusarfik. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling - peer review

Dette kapitel henvender sig til studerende og andre som ved hjælp af interview ønsker indsigt i patienters eller andre brugeres hverdagsliv fra deres perspektiv. Der findes mange måder at skabe viden om patientperspektiver. Derfor diskuteres først det vidensmæssige grundlag for hverdagslivsinterview… Dette kapitel henvender sig til studerende og andre som ved hjælp af interview ønsker indsigt i patienters eller andre brugeres hverdagsliv fra deres perspektiv. Der findes mange måder at skabe viden om patientperspektiver. Derfor diskuteres først det vidensmæssige grundlag for hverdagslivsinterview, som det fremstilles her. Der argumenteres for at patienters konkrete livsbetingelser og værdier må inddrages som rationel viden i faglig beslutningstagen, og at dette kræver særlige fremgangsmåder. Det vises herefter, gennem et praktisk eksempel fra et forskningsprojekt blandt grønlandske patienter, hvordan samtalen i interviewet kan generere viden om patientperspektiver gennem fælles udforskning af interviewpersonens konkrete livsførelse i dagligdagen. Kapitlet beskriver nogle principper for udforskning af patientperspektiver omhandlende inddragelse af subjektivitet, forskellige sundhedsopfattelser og kulturforskelle mellem forskere og interviewpersoner. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Purpose – There is no agreement in the network literature about how participating in networks is of value. This article aims to explore the underlying dynamics that form and support the process of value co-creation in networks. Design/methodology/approach – The article draws together symbolic inter… Purpose – There is no agreement in the network literature about how participating in networks is of value. This article aims to explore the underlying dynamics that form and support the process of value co-creation in networks. Design/methodology/approach – The article draws together symbolic interactionism and organizational ethnography to outline a research approach illustrating how participation in networks becomes valuable. The empirical data were collected through fieldwork over two in two local business networks in Denmark. Findings – The case study illustrates how participants in local business networks struggle to make participation valuable. The article shows how networks can be considered joint spheres for value co-creation. Three main arguments supporting value in networks stands out from the research: (1) Leadership as a collective achievement supports processes of value co-creation; (2) Develop a shared but dynamic focus and (3) Participation is valuable when supporting participants’ daily worklife. Originality/value – The article builds up a creative analytical framework based on symbolic interactionism making an important contribution about how participants experience value in networks. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling

Vi er tryggest ved det handicap, vi kan se – usynlige handicap, skal vi arbejde på at forstå. Det viser en ny landsdækkende forskningsundersøgelse »Holdninger til Handicap«, som Tilioq og Ilisimatusarfik lancerer 17. november.

Communication | Formidling

Innarluut takusinnaasarput toqqissisimanartinneruarput – innarluutip takusinnaanngisatta paasinissaa su lissutigissavarput. Nuna tamakkerlugu ilisimatusar luni misissuinermi »Innar luu te qarnermut isummat« Tiliup Ilisimatusarfiullu 17. No vem bari saqqummertitassaani takutinneqarpoq.

Communication | Formidling

Tilioq og Ilisimatusarfiks ny landsdækkende forskningsundersøgelse "Holdninger Til Handicap" viser, at personer med handicap har sværere ved at få et arbejde og tager i mindre grad en uddannelse end personer uden handicap. Derudover viser undersøgelser også at befolkningen ønsker ikke en arbejdsgive… Tilioq og Ilisimatusarfiks ny landsdækkende forskningsundersøgelse "Holdninger Til Handicap" viser, at personer med handicap har sværere ved at få et arbejde og tager i mindre grad en uddannelse end personer uden handicap. Derudover viser undersøgelser også at befolkningen ønsker ikke en arbejdsgiver som har et handicap. Læs mere

Communication | Formidling

Tiliup Ilisimatusarfiullu nuna tamakkerlugu ilisimatusarluni misissuinerisa nutaap takutippaa inuit innarluutillit inunnit innarluuteqanngitsunut sanilliullugu suliffeqalernissaq ajornarnerutittaraat annikinnerusumillu ilinniagaqartartut. Misissuinerup tamassuma saniatigut takutippaa innuttaasut inn… Tiliup Ilisimatusarfiullu nuna tamakkerlugu ilisimatusarluni misissuinerisa nutaap takutippaa inuit innarluutillit inunnit innarluuteqanngitsunut sanilliullugu suliffeqalernissaq ajornarnerutittaraat annikinnerusumillu ilinniagaqartartut. Misissuinerup tamassuma saniatigut takutippaa innuttaasut innarluutilimmik sulisitsisoqarnissaq kissaatiginngikkaat. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Colonization of the Poles was driven, as in most of the rest of the world, by the promise of resources. Living resources have long been exploited at both Poles,1 but only in the North have law, politics and economics aligned to permit exploitation of non-living resources. Diversity amongst the Arcti… Colonization of the Poles was driven, as in most of the rest of the world, by the promise of resources. Living resources have long been exploited at both Poles,1 but only in the North have law, politics and economics aligned to permit exploitation of non-living resources. Diversity amongst the Arctic states in climate, terrain, resource potential, population density, infrastructure and political economy means that no single pattern could describe accurately the entire region. This Chapter will provide only a cursory summary before focusing on the freedoms and constraints of international law on governance of non-renewable, non-living natural resources. It will then explain the history, current status and potential challenges to the sui generis regime in the Antarctic, according to which extractive industries are entirely prohibited. Although non-living resources is a broad term that could cover renewable energy and ice-harvesting, this Chapter concentrates on traditional extractive industries: mining and hydrocarbons. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

On February 25, 2019, the International Court of Justice issued its advisory opinion on Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. The judges held by a majority of 13:1 that the process of decolonisation of Mauritius is incomplete, owing to the separation… On February 25, 2019, the International Court of Justice issued its advisory opinion on Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. The judges held by a majority of 13:1 that the process of decolonisation of Mauritius is incomplete, owing to the separation of the Chagos Archipelago shortly before Mauritian independence, that the United Kingdom should end its administration of the Chagos Archipelago as rapidly as possible, and that all Member States of the United Nations should cooperate to complete the decolonisation of Mauritius. The (partial) decolonisation of Mauritius in 1968 and the treatment of the Chagos islanders (Chagossians) have important parallels with the purported decolonisation of Greenland in 1952–54. In both cases, the consultative body of the colonised people was neither fully independent nor representative of all the people concerned. No real choice was given to either body; rather the colonial power offered only the continuation of the status quo or professed self-determination on terms defined by the colonial power itself. Furthermore, the process of decolonisation was inherently linked to the forcible transfer of people in order to make way for a United States military facility. Nevertheless, there are some relevant differences. First of all, Greenland was purportedly decolonised in 1953, some seven years before the UN General Assembly Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (UNGA Res. 1514(XV) 1960). Second, the UN General Assembly accepted the Danish government’s representations regarding the full decolonisation of Greenland (UNGA Res. 849 (1954), in contrast to their position regarding Mauritius that decolonisation was and remains incomplete, owing to the separation of the Chagos Archipelago (UNGA Res(XX) 1965). Third, though the Chagossians have been recognised as indigenous at the UN, the British government has continually denied this status and (mis)characterises them as a transient people, while Denmark has accepted the status of the Greenlanders as both an indigenous people and a colonial people, entitled to self-determination. This article examines the implications for the judgment for the Greenland case as well as broader questions of self-determination of peoples. It concludes that the colonial boundaries continue to govern in decolonisation cases, with the consequence that the Greenlanders are likely to be held to be a single people; that the erga omnes character of the right to self-determination means that all States must cooperate to facilitate Greenlanders’ choices for their future; and that there remain significant procedural hurdles that prevent colonial and indigenous peoples having their voices heard, even in the matters that concern them most of all. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Patient experience studies in the circumpolar region: a scoping review

Objectives: Patient experiences with health systems constitute a crucial pillar of quality care. Across the Arctic, patients’ interactions with the healthcare system are influenced by challenges of access, historical inequities and social determinants. This scoping review sought to describe the rang… Objectives: Patient experiences with health systems constitute a crucial pillar of quality care. Across the Arctic, patients’ interactions with the healthcare system are influenced by challenges of access, historical inequities and social determinants. This scoping review sought to describe the range and nature of peer-reviewed literature on patient experience studies conducted within the circumpolar region. Design: In a partnership between Danish/Greenlandic, Canadian and American research teams, a scoping review of published research exploring patient experiences in circumpolar regions was undertaken. Data sources: Seven electronic databases were queried: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, ‘Global Health 1910 to 2019 Week 11’, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SveMed+. Eligibility criteria: Articles were eligible for inclusion if they (a) took place in the circumpolar region, (b) reported patients’ perspective and (c) were focussed primarily on patient experiences with care, rather than satisfaction with treatment outcome. Data extraction and synthesis: Title and abstract screening, full-text review and data extraction was conducted by four researchers. Bibliometric information such as publication date and country of origin was extracted, as was information regarding study design and whether or not the article contained results relevant to the themes of Indigenous values, rural and remote context, telehealth and climate change. Two researchers then synthesised and characterised results relevant to these themes. Results: Of the 2824 articles initially found through systematic searches in seven databases, 96 articles were included for data extraction. Findings from the review included unique features related to Indigenous values, rural and remote health, telehealth and climate change. Conclusions: The review findings provide an overview of patient experiences measures used in circumpolar nations. These findings can be used to inform health system improvement based on patient needs in the circumpolar context, as well as in other regions that share common features. This work can be further contextualized through Indigenous methodologies such as sharing circles and community based participatory methods. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

Nabo–unges stemmer om social inklusion i Grønland

Nabo er et projekt, der blev lanceret under det svenske formandskab i Nordisk Ministerråd 2018. Projektet ledes af den svenske Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor i perioden 2018-2020 og sigter mod at skabe nordiske unges perspektiver på det sociale inklusion. Unges stemmer høres i spø… Nabo er et projekt, der blev lanceret under det svenske formandskab i Nordisk Ministerråd 2018. Projektet ledes af den svenske Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor i perioden 2018-2020 og sigter mod at skabe nordiske unges perspektiver på det sociale inklusion. Unges stemmer høres i spørgsmål om deres liv. og baseret på denne viden, får de muligheden for at deltage i og påvirke politiske beslutninger. Unge mennesker bliver bedt om at beskrive deres hverdag og hvordan de oplever deres muligheder og forhindringer. Fra deres historier bygger Nabo en ramme af succesfaktorer for social integration i de nordiske lande. Denne rapport er baseret på fokusgruppeinterviews med unge mennesker forskellige steder i Grønland. Lignende undersøgelser gennemføres i de andre nordiske lande på Færøerne og Åland. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

Brugernes oplevelse af det grønlandske sundhedsvæsen: En pilotundersøgelse

Center for Folkesundhed i Grønland har i sommeren 2019 gennemført en kvalitativ pilotundersøgelse, der har undersøgt borgernes oplevelse af det grønlandske sundhedsvæsen. Formålet med undersøgelsen har været at give et indblik i, hvordan adgangen til sundhedsvæsenet opleves af borgerne, og hvad der… Center for Folkesundhed i Grønland har i sommeren 2019 gennemført en kvalitativ pilotundersøgelse, der har undersøgt borgernes oplevelse af det grønlandske sundhedsvæsen. Formålet med undersøgelsen har været at give et indblik i, hvordan adgangen til sundhedsvæsenet opleves af borgerne, og hvad der er vigtigt for borgerne, når de møder sundhedsvæsenet som brugere. Dermed giver undersøgelsen os et vigtigt grundlag for at arbejde videre med udviklingen af et langsigtet og nationalt design for øget brugerinddragelse og brugerevaluering i det grønlandske sundhedsvæsen - et grundlag, der tager udgangspunkt i borgernes egne perspektiver, og som er kulturel relevant. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Dette kapitel diskuterer mulige sammenhænge for måder at være mand på i forbindelse med alkohol og vold. På baggrund af en analyse af politiets og retsvæsenets dokumenter vedrørende 21 mænd, der i 2001 blev dømt for vold mod samlever (hustru/kæreste), kan de voldsdømte mænd karakteriseres som margin… Dette kapitel diskuterer mulige sammenhænge for måder at være mand på i forbindelse med alkohol og vold. På baggrund af en analyse af politiets og retsvæsenets dokumenter vedrørende 21 mænd, der i 2001 blev dømt for vold mod samlever (hustru/kæreste), kan de voldsdømte mænd karakteriseres som marginaliserede i livssituationer præget af forandringer og ofte omfattende problemer enten i arbejdslivet (arbejdsløs eller ustabil beskæftigelse og manglende uddannelse) eller i samlivsforholdet eller i begge relationer. Mændene er socialt og økonomisk belastede, og de fleste har problemer med alkoholmisbrug og nogle også med hash. Voldshandlinger kan ved hjælp af kriminologiske narrativer og maskulinitetsteorier forstås i lyset af spændinger, som opstår når samfundsforhold forandres, som f.eks. mænds og kvinders rolle som forsørgere, og når magtrelationer mellem mænd og kvinder er under forandring. ’Black-out’ som følge af beruselse synes at være en meget anvendt begrundelse blandt mænd, og også legitimerende for udøvelse af vold. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Women in the Arctic: Gendering Coloniality in Travel Narratives from the Far North, 1907 - 1930

This article is dedicated to the complex web of gender and colonial relationships in biographical writing. The author's main focus is on publications by two women of high society who traveled through the colonial North in the early 20th century, Danish Emilie Demant-Hatt (1873-1958) and Scottish Iso… This article is dedicated to the complex web of gender and colonial relationships in biographical writing. The author's main focus is on publications by two women of high society who traveled through the colonial North in the early 20th century, Danish Emilie Demant-Hatt (1873-1958) and Scottish Isobel Wylie Hutchison (1889-1982). An analysis of these textual and visual works allows us to see how they made a contribution to the colonial project, while undermining it at the same time, and how colonial femininity combines obedience and disobedience. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

Denne artikelbaserede ph.d.- afhandling omhandler hvordan den vestgrønlandske kvindedragt bliver brugt til branding og iscenesættelse i det grønlandske samfund, men også hvordan dragten gennem tiden er blevet brugt som et symbol i Grønland. Ph.d.- afhandlingen fokuserer på, hvordan det grønlandske s… Denne artikelbaserede ph.d.- afhandling omhandler hvordan den vestgrønlandske kvindedragt bliver brugt til branding og iscenesættelse i det grønlandske samfund, men også hvordan dragten gennem tiden er blevet brugt som et symbol i Grønland. Ph.d.- afhandlingen fokuserer på, hvordan det grønlandske samfund igennem tiden har reageret på udviklingen og moderniseringen af kvindedragten ud fra præmissen om, at denne repræsenterer en særegen grønlandskhed. Afhandlingen er centreret omkring fire artikler, som er med til at vise den vestgrønlandske kvindedragts historie med henblik på at vise, hvordan kvindedragten både har ændret form og udseende i takt med grønlændernes kontakt med europæerne, herunder den dansk/norske mission fra 1721. Afhandlingen belyser, hvordan den tyske brødremenigheds, herrnhuternes, tilstedeværelse i et hundrede og syvogtres år har sat dybe kulturelle spor i det grønlandske samfund. Det kan blandt andet observeres i den vestgrønlandske kvindedragts udseende og farvebrug. Desuden er det markant at se hvordan diasporadesignerne fra København anvender deres identitet til at skabe designs med nordiske/globale og grønlandske referencer, akkurat som det er tilfældet med den vestgrønlandske kvindedragt. Afhandlingen stiller spørgsmål ved, om den grønlandske mode sker uden en ’samtale’ med fortiden og om moden forandres uden grund. Desuden stilles der spørgsmål ved, hvordan den grønlandske mode bruges i dag. Herunder fokuseres der på inspirationer fra den vestgrønlandske kvindedragt som vi ser at det lokale, den nationale kultur, går i spil ved at bruge det som en del af ens iscenesættelse på globalt plan, for at vise ens tilhørsforhold – ens grønlandskhed gennem den vestgrønlandske kvindedragt eller gennem de kulturelle symboler i moden. Afhandlingen argumenterer for, at den vestgrønlandske kvindedragt og den grønlandske mode gennem tiden følger strømningerne om nationsdannelsen og identitetsspørgsmålet i Grønland. Det empiriske materiale i afhandlingen er metodisk indsamlet via de skrevne kilder fra den grønlandske litteratur, aviser, forskningsartikler og ikke mindst kvalitative interviews med forskere, designere, syersker og relevante personer med viden om dragthistorien samt den grønlandske mode. Det skal også understreges, at deltagende observation som metode er anvendt i betydeligt omfang i f.eks. fashion week i København (2015, 2017) og Toronto (2018), projekter indenfor sælskinddesign, seminarer, paneldebat, møder, events og debatfora i de sociale medier igennem de sidste fem år. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Rapporten viser, at den nuværende udvikling i Arktis, der er præget af stormagtsrivalisering mellem Rusland, Kina og USA, sætter Kongeriget i en svær situation. Som en lille stat har Kongeriget draget fordel af perioden med sikkerhedspolitisk lavspænding i Arktis. Den sikkerhedspolitiske lavspænding… Rapporten viser, at den nuværende udvikling i Arktis, der er præget af stormagtsrivalisering mellem Rusland, Kina og USA, sætter Kongeriget i en svær situation. Som en lille stat har Kongeriget draget fordel af perioden med sikkerhedspolitisk lavspænding i Arktis. Den sikkerhedspolitiske lavspænding er nu under pres. Det er i Kongerigets interesse at forsøge at værne om de arktiske fora og samarbejdsrelationer, der har gjort lavspændingen muligt. Kongeriget må imidlertid også forholde sig til de nye sikkerhedspolitiske dynamikker i Arktis. Dette skaber behov for ændrede tilgange både i forhold til stormagterne og deres interesser i Arktis og i forhold til samarbejdet i Rigsfællesskabet. Kongeriget må arbejde på at imødegå bekymrende russisk og kinesisk adfærd i Arktis. Endnu mere presserende for Kongeriget er imidlertid at håndtere de nylige amerikanske reaktioner på russisk og kinesisk adfærd i Arktis og ikke mindst de nye amerikanske krav og forventninger til dansk opgaveløsning i regionen, som følger med. Her bør Kongeriget handle hurtigt og proaktivt søge at holde kontrol med den amerikanske politik i forhold til Grønland og Færøerne. Det er i den forbindelse centralt, at Rigsfællesskabet formår at opretholde en fælles linje overfor stormagterne. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

The importance of using knowledge of Indigenous peoples alongside with science in research, management and resource development is increasingly acknowledged. Despite political intentions of including the knowledge of Indigenous peoples, the extent and quality of utilizing their knowledge is uneven i… The importance of using knowledge of Indigenous peoples alongside with science in research, management and resource development is increasingly acknowledged. Despite political intentions of including the knowledge of Indigenous peoples, the extent and quality of utilizing their knowledge is uneven in the Arctic. The lack of agreed definitions of various concepts used for the knowledge of Indigenous peoples, and their interchangeable and inconsistent use, creates confusion about their meaning and implications. In this article we review the knowledge concepts and their interrelatedness, developing concept maps to visualize their similarities and differences with a view to clarify the confusion and aid to a more consistent engagement and utilization of this knowledge. We argue that Indigenous knowledge is the only concept that emphasize the identity aspect and thus imply the distinct status and collective rights of Indigenous peoples, distinguishing it from other knowledge concepts. Our review suggests that the use of concepts varies significantly in the Arctic, shaped by the colonial and political-economic processes in Greenland, the Canadian Arctic, and Alaska. We also observe a transition in use of concepts from traditional knowledge to Indigenous knowledge. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

This report presents the findings from a workshop that was held in December 2019 in Nuuk, Greenland, as part of a project that focused on inclusion of local communities and Indigenous peoples, and their knowledges and experiences, in relation to social and environmental impact assessments in the Eur… This report presents the findings from a workshop that was held in December 2019 in Nuuk, Greenland, as part of a project that focused on inclusion of local communities and Indigenous peoples, and their knowledges and experiences, in relation to social and environmental impact assessments in the European Arctic. The project was titled: ’LOVISA’ (Lokal Viden og Oprindelig Viden i Sociale Konsekvensvurderinger i Europæisk Arktis). Læs mere

Communication | Formidling

It is widely accepted that the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gasses leads to global climate change. If global temperatures continue to rise, the frequency of extreme weather phenomena such as droughts and tropical storms will increase to a point of significant socio-economic impact. To mitiga… It is widely accepted that the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gasses leads to global climate change. If global temperatures continue to rise, the frequency of extreme weather phenomena such as droughts and tropical storms will increase to a point of significant socio-economic impact. To mitigate such changes, several CO2 removal strategies have been proposed, including enhanced weathering. Weathering reduces atmospheric CO2 via the reaction of carbonic acid and the minerals constituting the continental crust. Glacial rock flour from Greenland may be utilized for enhanced weathering as it has a large surface area from the natural grinding process, increasing its reactivity. However, the lack of current knowledge on the material means its use as a climate mitigation technique is contentious. The aim of this project is to probe the mineralogy and chemical composition of the material and use this information to conduct a geochemical simulation of its dissolution. 28 samples were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of synchrotron X- ray scattering data. The particle size distribution was determined with laser diffraction and the surface area of the material determined with the Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) method. The results show that the mineral assemblage consists of quartz, plagioclase, microcline, albite, biotite, chlorite, muscovite, and epidote in proportions which corresponds to a granodioritic composition. The bulk material was separated gravitationally into four size fractions. XRD of these fractions show that the coarser is dominated by quartz, whereas the finest fraction consists mainly of phyllosilicates and amphibole. The geochemical software PHREEQC was utilized to model the dissolution of the material. Comparison between modelled and experimental concentrations from dissolution shows that the model is able to reproduce observed Si concentrations. However, inconsistency between modelled and observed concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na and K indicate that fast, non-stoichiometric, dissolution is dominating the first 71 hours of reaction. The simulations indicate that precipitation of clay minerals alter the rate of ion increase in solution in the later stage; which is why the accumulation rate plateaus. Ca ions which could potentially precipitate as carbonate minerals, and sequester CO2, are kept from oversaturation due to the formation of Ca-rich secondary clays. The results indicate that GRF can increase the alkalinity of the local water and consume CO2 at a relatively high rate in the short-term. However, in the long-term, the rate of cation release, and therefore CO2 consumption, decreases. Læs mere

Research | Forskning

Denne undersøgelse har til formål at se nærmere på migrationen mellem Grønland og Danmark med fokus på den sårbare del af befolkningen. Initiativet til denne undersøgelse kommer fra Kofoeds Skole, der arbejder med udsatte grønlændere i både Grønland og Danmark. Undersøgelsen er derfor foretaget på… Denne undersøgelse har til formål at se nærmere på migrationen mellem Grønland og Danmark med fokus på den sårbare del af befolkningen. Initiativet til denne undersøgelse kommer fra Kofoeds Skole, der arbejder med udsatte grønlændere i både Grønland og Danmark. Undersøgelsen er derfor foretaget på baggrund af et ønske omen større forståelse af, hvilke årsagsvirkninger der ligger til grund for, at en gruppe af grønlændere rejser fra Grønland med udgangspunkt i håbet om en anden tilværelse, men ender i social udsathed i Danmark. Med baggrund i de indsamlede data og analyse af problemstillingen om udvandring vil undersøgelsen forsøge at pege på handlemuligheder og initiativer, som kan afhjælpe problematikken. Undersøgelsen og denne rapport er udarbejdet af antropolog Mille Schiermacher for Kofoeds Skole. Læs mere

Research | Forskning - peer review

Background: Adults with early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are an emerging high-risk population who may experience social challenges related to diabetes management. Objective: To explore the disclosure of T2DM and how disclosure affects diabetes self-management and the psychosocial adjustm… Background: Adults with early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are an emerging high-risk population who may experience social challenges related to diabetes management. Objective: To explore the disclosure of T2DM and how disclosure affects diabetes self-management and the psychosocial adjustment to life with diabetes among adults with early-onset T2DM. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using Systematic Text Condensation (STC). Data was derived from semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals with T2DM ≤ 46 years (10 women and 5 men) recruited from diverse settings using purposeful sampling. Results: Most informants disclosed their diabetes to a close relative shortly after receiving the diagnosis. This led to immediate emotional support and overall positive disclosure experiences. However, informants often hesitated to disclose their condition to others due to shame, fear of negative judgement or social exclusion. Over time, the majority of informants became more open about their condition, which often resulted in emotional and practical self-management support. Those most reluctant to disclosing their diabetes struggled with shame and negative diabetes-related emotions, which had negative effects on their diabetes self-management. Conclusion: Disclosure of T2DM seemed important for the social, emotional and practical management of diabetes among adults with early-onset T2DM. The disclosure was most often accompanied by feelings of shame and fear of condemnation. Professional guidance to support disclosure and interventions to address stigma may improve well-being and diabetes self-management in this population. Læs mere